Aug 27, 2014 That means we have 254 available MAC addresses on Hyper-V, the first virtual machine created will have the MAC address 00-15-5D-00-03-01, the second one 00-15-5D-00-03-02 and so on until you reach the 00-15-5D-00-03-254 address. Hyper-V Networking Best Practices – Configuration in Practice. If iSCSI and/or SMB connections are made through virtual adapters on a converged team, they will establish only one connection per unique IP address. Create multiple virtual adapters in order to enable MPIO and/or SMB multichannel. Start studying quiz 9. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How many MAC addresses are available for virtual network adapters, created by Hyper-V? How many virtual network adapters can be created on a Hyper-V server? 1) Up to 12 network adapters—8 synthetic and 4 emulated. Select Tunneling LAN in Hyper-V Server network settings. Select Enable VLAN in the Hyper-V Manager network settings. Select Enable virtual LAN identification and enter a VLAN identifier to associate the network adapter to the VLAN. Virtual network adapters cannot communicate on a LAN.
Applies To: Windows Server 2012
There are several different types of network traffic that you must consider and plan for when you deploy a highly available Hyper-V solution. You should design your network configuration with the following goals in mind:
This topic provides network configuration recommendations that are specific to a Hyper-V cluster that is running Windows Server 2012. It includes an overview of the different network traffic types, recommendations for how to isolate traffic, recommendations for features such as NIC Teaming, Quality of Service (QoS) and Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ), and a Windows PowerShell script that shows an example of converged networking, where the network traffic on a Hyper-V cluster is routed through one external virtual switch.
Windows Server 2012 supports the concept of converged networking, where different types of network traffic share the same Ethernet network infrastructure. In previous versions of Windows Server, the typical recommendation for a failover cluster was to dedicate separate physical network adapters to different traffic types. Improvements in Windows Server 2012, such as Hyper-V QoS and the ability to add virtual network adapters to the management operating system enable you to consolidate the network traffic on fewer physical adapters. Combined with traffic isolation methods such as VLANs, you can isolate and control the network traffic.
Important
If you use System Center Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) to create or manage Hyper-V clusters, you must use VMM to configure the network settings that are described in this topic.
In this topic:
Overview of different network traffic types
When you deploy a Hyper-V cluster, you must plan for several types of network traffic. The following table summarizes the different traffic types.
The following sections provide more detailed information about each network traffic type.
Management traffic
A management network provides connectivity between the operating system of the physical Hyper-V host (also known as the management operating system) and basic infrastructure functionality such as Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS), Domain Name System (DNS), and Windows Server Update Services (WSUS). It is also used for management of the server that is running Hyper-V and the virtual machines.
The management network must have connectivity between all required infrastructure, and to any location from which you want to manage the server.
![]() Cluster traffic
A failover cluster monitors and communicates the cluster state between all members of the cluster. This communication is very important to maintain cluster health. If a cluster node does not communicate a regular health check (known as the cluster heartbeat), the cluster considers the node down and removes the node from cluster membership. The cluster then transfers the workload to another cluster node.
Inter-node cluster communication also includes traffic that is associated with CSV. For CSV, where all nodes of a cluster can access shared block-level storage simultaneously, the nodes in the cluster must communicate to orchestrate storage-related activities. Also, if a cluster node loses its direct connection to the underlying CSV storage, CSV has resiliency features which redirect the storage I/O over the network to another cluster node that can access the storage.
Live migration traffic
Live migration enables the transparent movement of running virtual machines from one Hyper-V host to another without a dropped network connection or perceived downtime.
We recommend that you use a dedicated network or VLAN for live migration traffic to ensure quality of service and for traffic isolation and security. Live migration traffic can saturate network links. This can cause other traffic to experience increased latency. The time it takes to fully migrate one or more virtual machines depends on the throughput of the live migration network. Therefore, you must ensure that you configure the appropriate quality of service for this traffic. To provide the best performance, live migration traffic is not encrypted.
You can designate multiple networks as live migration networks in a prioritized list. For example, you may have one migration network for cluster nodes in the same cluster that is fast (10 GB), and a second migration network for cross-cluster migrations that is slower (1 GB).
All Hyper-V hosts that can initiate or receive a live migration must have connectivity to a network that is configured to allow live migrations. Because live migration can occur between nodes in the same cluster, between nodes in different clusters, and between a cluster and a stand-alone Hyper-V host, make sure that all these servers can access a live migration-enabled network.
Storage traffic
For a virtual machine to be highly available, all members of the Hyper-V cluster must be able to access the virtual machine state. This includes the configuration state and the virtual hard disks. To meet this requirement, you must have shared storage.
In Windows Server 2012, there are two ways that you can provide shared storage:
SMB 3.0 includes new functionality known as SMB Multichannel. SMB Multichannel automatically detects and uses multiple network interfaces to deliver high performance and highly reliable storage connectivity.
By default, SMB Multichannel is enabled, and requires no additional configuration. You should use at least two network adapters of the same type and speed so that SMB Multichannel is in effect. Network adapters that support RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) are recommended but not required.
SMB 3.0 also automatically discovers and takes advantage of available hardware offloads, such as RDMA. A feature known as SMB Direct supports the use of network adapters that have RDMA capability. SMB Direct provides the best performance possible while also reducing file server and client overhead.
The NIC Teaming feature is incompatible with RDMA-capable network adapters. Therefore, if you intend to use the RDMA capabilities of the network adapter, do not team those adapters.
Both iSCSI and SMB use the network to connect the storage to cluster members. Because reliable storage connectivity and performance is very important for Hyper-V virtual machines, we recommend that you use multiple networks (physical or logical) to ensure that these requirements are achieved.
Note
For more information about SMB Direct and SMB Multichannel, see Improve Performance of a File Server with SMB Direct and The basics of SMB Multichannel, a feature of Windows Server 2012 and SMB 3.0.
Replica traffic
Hyper-V Replica provides asynchronous replication of Hyper-V virtual machines between two hosting servers or Hyper-V clusters. Clash royale macro. Replica traffic occurs between the primary and Replica sites.
Hyper-V Replica automatically discovers and uses available network interfaces to transmit replication traffic. To throttle and control the replica traffic bandwidth, you can define QoS policies with minimum bandwidth weight.
If you use certificate-based authentication, Hyper-V Replica encrypts the traffic. If you use Kerberos-based authentication, traffic is not encrypted.
Virtual machine access traffic
Most virtual machines require some form of network or Internet connectivity. For example, workloads that are running on virtual machines typically require external network connectivity to service client requests. This can include tenant access in a hosted cloud implementation. Because multiple subclasses of traffic may exist, such as traffic that is internal to the datacenter and traffic that is external (for example to a computer outside the datacenter or to the Internet); one or more networks are required for these virtual machines to communicate.
To separate virtual machine traffic from the management operating system, we recommend that you use VLANs which are not exposed to the management operating system.
How to isolate the network traffic on a Hyper-V cluster
To provide the most consistent performance and functionality, and to improve network security, we recommend that you isolate the different types of network traffic.
Note
Realize that if you want to have a physical or logical network that is dedicated to a specific traffic type, you must assign each physical or virtual network adapter to a unique subnet. For each cluster node, Failover Clustering recognizes only one IP address per subnet.
Isolate traffic on the management network
We recommend that you use a firewall or IPsec encryption, or both, to isolate management traffic. In addition, you can use auditing to ensure that only defined and allowed communication is transmitted through the management network.
Isolate traffic on the cluster network
To isolate inter-node cluster traffic, you can configure a network to either allow cluster network communication or not to allow cluster network communication. For a network that allows cluster network communication, you can also configure whether to allow clients to connect through the network. (This includes client and management operating system access.)
A failover cluster can use any network that allows cluster network communication for cluster monitoring, state communication, and for CSV-related communication.
To configure a network to allow or not to allow cluster network communication, you can use Failover Cluster Manager or Windows PowerShell. To use Failover Cluster Manager, click Networks in the navigation tree. In the Networks pane, right-click a network, and then click Properties.
How Many Mac Addresses Are Available For Virtual Network Adapters Created By Hyper-v
Figure 1. Failover Cluster Manager network properties
The following Windows PowerShell example configures a network named Management Network to allow cluster and client connectivity.
The Role property has the following possible values.
The following table shows the recommended settings for each type of network traffic. Realize that virtual machine access traffic is not listed because these networks should be isolated from the management operating system by using VLANs that are not exposed to the host. Therefore, virtual machine networks should not appear in Failover Cluster Manager as cluster networks.
Isolate traffic on the live migration network
By default, live migration traffic uses the cluster network topology to discover available networks and to establish priority. However, you can manually configure live migration preferences to isolate live migration traffic to only the networks that you define. To do this, you can use Failover Cluster Manager or Windows PowerShell. To use Failover Cluster Manager, in the navigation tree, right-click Networks, and then click Live Migration Settings.
Figure 2. Live migration settings in Failover Cluster Manager
The following Windows PowerShell example enables live migration traffic only on a network that is named Migration_Network.
Isolate traffic on the storage network
To isolate SMB storage traffic, you can use Windows PowerShell to set SMB Multichannel constraints. SMB Multichannel constraints restrict SMB communication between a given file server and the Hyper-V host to one or more defined network interfaces.
For example, the following Windows PowerShell command sets a constraint for SMB traffic from the file server FileServer1 to the network interfaces SMB1, SMB2, SMB3, and SMB4 on the Hyper-V host from which you run this command.
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